Menopause is the time when the menstrual period ceases and the ovaries permanently stop releasing eggs. Menopause is considered complete when a woman has been without her period for a full year. Although menopause can occur anytime between ages 40-58, the average age is 51 years old.
Premature menopause: occurs before the age of 40. Menopause: occurs after age 40.
As menopause approaches, women often experience a number of physical and emotional symptoms including: irregular menstrual periods; hot flashes and night sweats; disturbed sleep patterns, insomnia; anxiety; depression ; dry skin; irritability; vaginal dryness and pain with sexual intercourse; difficulty concentrating; trouble remembering things; diminished interest in sex; frequent urination or leaking of urine; headaches ; achy joints; fatigue; and early morning awakening
Natural menopause is a gradual process. The ovaries begin producing lower amounts of hormones prior to menopause during a phase called peri menopause. Premature menopause can occur naturally but may also be the result of several conditions, including family history of premature menopause ; autoimmune diseases; X-chromosome abnormalities; medical treatments (pelvic surgery, surgical removal of ovaries, chemotherapy, or pelvic radiation therapy); medications that lower estrogen levels; smoking.
Diagnosis is based on symptoms, medical history, and a physical exam. Natural menopause is usually diagnosed when a woman has not had a menstrual period for 12 consecutive months. The test considered most accurate for the diagnosis of menopause is the measurement of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). High levels of FSH (greater than 40) may indicate menopause.
Menopause is a natural part of life and does not necessarily require treatment. Symptoms and health risks associated with low estrogen can be treated. These include hot flashes, irritability, an increased risk of heart disease, and osteoporosis.
A healthful diet during menopause can improve a woman's sense of well-being. It may also reduce the risk of heart disease, osteoporosis, and certain cancers. The diet should be low in fat and high in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, calcium, and vitamin D. It is important to limit caffeine and alcohol, to quit smoking, perform regular exercise, and manage stress.
Menopause is a natural biologic event that does not need to be prevented. Quitting smoking could slightly delay the onset of menopause.
The complications below are associated with menopause, though menopause isn't often the sole cause: heart disease, osteoporosis, urinary problems, and weight gain.
Normal aging also increases the risk of developing these medical problems.
A risk factor is something that increases your chance of getting a disease or condition. As menopause is a natural process associated with aging, there are no risk factors. Risk factors for premature menopause include:
Family history of premature menopause