Climate change refers to any significant change in the statistical distribution of weather patterns lasting for an extended period of time, from decades to millions of years. Therefore, climate change includes changes in average weather conditions, such as temperature, precipitation and evapotranspiration among other effects. In combination with human induced changes in land use and land cover, climate change directly impacts the health of ecosystems and as a result the services derived from them. In its Fourth Assessment report, published in 2007, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) confirmed that human induced temperature increase is on the rise with measurable and rising effects.

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